When embarking on a bulking phase, one might ponder the necessity and implications of incorporating cardiovascular exercise into their regimen. Does cardio serve as a beneficial adjunct to building muscle mass, or could it potentially undermine the caloric surplus required for optimal gains? Furthermore, what types of cardiovascular activities might be most efficacious? Should one opt for high-intensity interval training (HIIT) or perhaps engage in steady-state cardio? Additionally, how does the frequency and duration of these cardiovascular sessions impact muscle recovery, metabolism, and overall energy levels? Would it be prudent to prioritize strength training and limit cardio to ensure that no precious muscle is lost? Yet, could the inclusion of certain cardio modalities enhance cardiovascular health, improve endurance, and even aid in recovery, all while supporting the bulking process? As one navigates the complexities of nutrition and fitness, what are the multifaceted considerations that must be examined to make an educated decision regarding cardio during a bulking phase?