My dog has been experiencing gastrointestinal distress, specifically manifesting as diarrhea, and I find myself in a state of perplexity regarding the appropriate dietary adjustments necessary for his recovery. Considering the multifaceted nature of canine nutrition and the myriad of factors that could be contributing to this affliction, such as underlying health issues, dietary indiscretions, or sudden changes in food, what should I consider feeding him during this tumultuous time? Is there a specific bland diet, perhaps consisting of easily digestible proteins and carbohydrates, that could be beneficial? Additionally, how can I ensure that he remains sufficiently hydrated, as fluid loss may exacerbate his condition? Furthermore, should I contemplate introducing probiotics to his regimen to restore some balance to his gut flora, or are there particular foods I should unequivocally avoid to prevent further irritation? What steps should I take to monitor his recovery effectively?